Computer program analyzes brain activity

January 7th, 2009

Gizmorama -
“The Cutting Edge of Science Fact and Science Possibilities”
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Good Morning,

One of todays’ articles is about how researchers are
stumped by Honeybee disorders. Enjoy and Have A Good
Day!

Until Tomorrow,
Erin

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        Computer program analyzes brain activity

A computer program developed at a Pittsburgh university
can offer limited insights into one’s thoughts by analy-
zing brain activation patterns, researchers say. Carnegie
Mellon University computer science Professor Tom Mitchell
, who is working on the computer algorithm project, said
by analyzing an individual’s brain activity, the program
can make very accurate guesses at which word of a select-
ed pair a person is thinking about, the Pittsburgh Post-
Gazette reported Sunday. It can hit correctly up to 90
percent of the time compared with a simple 50-50 guess,
the newspaper said. “Even though we’re obviously very
different and have had different experiences, so that
when you think of a Ford Edsel you probably think of
something different than what I think of, ” the research-
er said, “nevertheless, we’re similar enough that these
(computer) programs can tell us quite a bit about what
we’re thinking.” Psychologist Marcel Just, who is also
working on the project, told the newspaper the program’s
use of magnetic resonance imaging to make educated guess-
es would likely lead to additional thought-recognition
efforts in the future. “Fifty years from now,” Just
said, “I think it’ll be plausible that we’ll be able to
identify people’s thoughts with less cumbersome equip-
ment than an MRI scanner, just the way we identify a
person’s speech today.”
 
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       Honeybee disorder still stumps researchers

Government and university researchers say they’re stump-
ed by a drastic rise in the number of disappearances of
Western honeybee colonies in North America. “This is
clearly very complicated. It’s also clear that there are
lots things killing bees,” said Dennis van Engelsdorp,
chief bee researcher at the Pennsylvania Department of
Agriculture. “Everything we look at presents more ques-
tions than answers,” he told the Pittsburgh Tribune-
Review. Colony Collapse Disorder, reported in least 24
U.S. states and portions of Canada since 2006, is a
phenomenon in which worker bees from a beehive or honey-
bee colony abruptly disappear. European beekeepers re-
port similar phenomena in Belgium, France, the Nether-
lands, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain, with possible
cases reported in Taiwan. Bees are vital to U.S. agri-
culture, pollinating flowering crops, including almonds,
apples and blueberries. Officials estimated honeybees
add $15 billion each year to U.S. agricultural output,
the newspaper said. A single honeybee colony can contain
20,000 worker bees. “There are many species that are
threatened by everything from pesticides and herbicides
to reduced plant diversity,” Ohio State University eco-
logist Karen Goodell told the newspaper. Other proposed
causes include environmental change-related stresses,
malnutrition and migratory beekeeping. More speculative
possibilities include radiation and genetically modified
crops with pest-control characteristics.

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         Milky Way bigger, denser than thought

The Milky Way galaxy is 15 percent larger and 50 per-
cent denser than scientists previously thought, find-
ings presented in California Monday found. The find-
ings, presented at the American Astronomical Society’s
convention in Long Beach, suggest the Earth’s home
galaxy is about the same size and mass as the neighbor-
ing Andromeda Galaxy, some 2.5 million light-years away,
said study author Mark Reid of the Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass. “No longer
will we think of the Milky Way as the little sister of
the Andromeda Galaxy in our Local Group family,” Reid
said. They are now more like fraternal twins, he said.
A larger, denser Milky Way means the gravity between
the galaxies is stronger than thought, suggesting they
could crash into each other sooner than scientists pre-
dicted — but a collision would still be 2 to 3 billion
years from now, Reid said. The Milky Way is also spin-
ning around its center at about 568,000 mph, rather
than the 492,000 mph scientists believed, Reid said. The
earth’s solar system, about 28,000 light-years from the
galaxy’s center, is moving at about 600,000 mph, up from
the previously estimated 500,000 mph, Reid said. His
presentation coincided with the release of a separate
report showing the Milky Way’s inner galaxy has two
weaker arms, not just one, in addition to its two prim-
ary spiral arms. This map — developed by Martin Pohl
of Iowa State University, Peter Englmaier of the
Switzerland’s University of Zurich and Nicolai Bissantz
of Germany’s Ruhr University Bochum — indicates the
inner galaxy is symmetrical, Englmaier said.