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“The Cutting Edge of Science Fact and Science Possibilities”
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Good Morning,

Check out todays articles to see how Engineers
efficiently create hybrid cells. Have A Good
Day!

Until Tomorrow,
Erin

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        Engineers efficiently create hybrid cells

Massachusetts Institute of Technology engineers say
they’ve developed an efficient way of pairing up cells
so they can be fused together into a hybrid cell. The
new technique should make it much easier for scientists
to study what happens when two cells are combined, the
study published in the journal Nature Methods suggests.
For example, fusing an adult cell and an embryonic stem
cell allows researchers to study the genetic reprogram-
ming that occurs in such hybrids, the study says. Pre-
viously, if scientists wanted to combine two cell types
– for example A and B — they would end up with many
AA and BB pairings, as well as the desired AB match.
They typically trapped cells in tiny cups as they flow-
ed across a chip. Each cup could hold only two cells,
but there was no way of controlling whether the cups
captured an A and a B, two As or two Bs. By contrast,
the cell-trapping cups developed by the MIT team, head-
ed by electrical engineering and computer science
Associate Professor Joel Voldman and biology Professor
Rudolf Jaenisch, are arranged strategically to capture
and pair up cells of different types, the study says.
The new sorting method increases the rate of successful
cell fusion from around 10 percent to about 50 percent
and allows for thousands of cell pairings at once. In
addition to helping study stem cell reprogramming, the
technique could be used to study interactions between
any types of cells. “It’s a very general type of
device,” Voldman said.

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       Diabetes tied to early cognitive slowdown

Talking, planning, organizing and paying attention to
details are worse in people with type 2 diabetes than
in healthy adults, a Canadian study indicated. The
University of Alberta study, published in the journal
Neuropsychology, also found that mental deterioration
was no less in younger diabetics than in an older
group, suggesting the damage is done early in the dis-
ease and remains stable thereafter. “The good news is
that, at this point, the cognitive slowing would not
be notable in most older diabetes patients’ everyday
life activities,” said Roger Dixon, a cognition and
aging researcher and the report’s co-author. “It may
be noticed, however, if the patient is involved in
technical psychomotor tasks (such as video games) re-
quiring quick and accurate responses or monitoring,”
he said in a Times of London report. “The bad news is
that this slowing may indicate the ‘leading edge’ of
progressive cognitive decline occurring with diabetes,
and it will likely get worse without careful disease
management,” he said. Dixon urged people with serious
cases of type 2 diabetes to be screened for cognitive
changes to make sure they get the right medication and
advice on diet or mental training. Type 2 diabetes is
a chronic, lifelong disease marked by high blood sugar.
It begins when the body does not respond correctly to
insulin, a hormone released by the pancreas. Ninety
percent of the estimated 23.6 million people in the
United States diagnosed with diabetes have type 2.

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     China-Russia Mars mission set for takeoff

The first joint Chinese-Russian mission to Mars is set
to take off in October and reach the red planet in
August 2010, an exploration project designer said. A
Russian Zenit rocket will launch a Chinese Yinghuo-1
satellite and a Russian Phobos-Grunt unmanned lander,
Chen Changya, chief designer of the China-Russia Mars
exploration project, told Hong Kong’s Wen Wei Po news-
paper. Phobos-Grunt is expected to study Mars from
orbit, including its atmosphere and dust storms, plasma
and radiation, before landing on Phobos, one of Mars’
two small moons. Yinghuo-1, which means Firefly-1, will
explore the Martian environment and carry out research
into how surface water on the planet disappeared, Chen
said. A challenge for Yinghuo-1 during the yearlong
mission will be seven periods of 8.8 hours in darkness,
when the sun will be obscured by the red planet and the
satellite will not receive solar energy, Chen said. Dur-
ing those times, Yinghuo-1 will go into “sleeping”
status and restart itself after getting through each
shadow. Researchers are still looking at ways to help
the satellite sustain extremely low temperatures, plung-
ing to minus 200 degrees Celsius, or about minus 328
degree Fahrenheit, in the shadows, Chen said. Meanwhile,
China’s second unmanned moon probe, Chang’e-2, is likely
to be launched this year, a year ahead of schedule, the
newspaper said. Chang’e-2 will collect more detailed
images and statistics of the moon’s surface, the news-
paper said.